When you picture a sleepwalker, what do you see? Possibly something out of a cartoon, where the somnambulant is walking with their arms outstretched, maybe even chanting something. Movies like Donnie Darko have popularized the sleepwalking trope in the horror genre.
The reality of sleepwalking is much different (and far less scary). Statistics vary, but in the United States, around 3.6% of adults and up to 15% of children walk in their sleep. Let’s explore the science behind this phenomenon and how it can be managed effectively.
What is Sleepwalking?
Sleepwalking, or somnambulism, involves walking or performing other complex behaviors while not fully awake. It usually happens during a period of deep sleep, and the sleepwalker has no memory of doing so when they wake.
Sleepwalking has many potential causes. It has been linked to not getting enough sleep, stress and anxiety, alcohol and drug use, certain types of medicine, infections with a high temperature and more.
The intensity of a sleepwalking episode varies. In some cases, a person may just sit up in bed, open cupboards and the like. In more extreme cases, they may carry out complex and dangerous activities like driving a car.
Sleepwalking usually doesn’t last more than a few minutes, and the somnambulant will usually return to sleep on their own if not disturbed. It’s not dangerous to wake up a sleepwalker, but it can lead them to feel disoriented.
When Does Sleepwalking Occur?
To understand sleepwalking, it’s important to grasp the stages of sleep. Sleep is primarily divided into two types: Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep and Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep. REM sleep is the final stage, while NREM encompasses the first three stages.
Typically, REM sleep lasts less than an hour, whereas NREM sleep begins when you first fall asleep and progress into deep sleep.
Sleepwalking occurs during the third NREM stage, or N3. The deeper the person is in this stage, the more difficult it can be to wake them up.
Environmental Factors
In addition to factors such as stress and sleep deprivation, environmental factors such as traveling to an unfamiliar environment may trigger sleepwalking.
If you or someone you know is prone to sleepwalking, it’s best to create a safe, dark, quiet and comfortable environment for them, as these can affect the quality of NREM sleep.
Treatment Options
If sleepwalking is a concern, there are several approaches to manage it effectively. Lifestyle changes, such as establishing a regular sleep schedule and reducing stress can reduce the likelihood of sleepwalking episodes.
In some cases, medication or therapy may be recommended to address underlying sleep issues or stressors. Consulting a sleep specialist can provide a proper diagnosis and management plan.
Don’t Sleep on Whitney
Sleepwalking is a complex behavior rooted in the science of sleep and brain activity. Understanding its mechanisms can empower you to seek the right solutions.
If you or a loved one is experiencing sleepwalking or other sleep disorders, schedule a consultation with Whitney Sleep Center for expert guidance and support. Your path to great sleep starts here!